本附录是非规范的
下面的语法定义了CSS 2.1的语法。然而,在某种意义上,它是CSS 2.1的一个超集,因为本规范强加了额外的语义约束,在本语法中没有表达出来。一个(与CSS规范)一致的UA也必须坚持向后兼容解析规则,选择器表示法,属性和值表示法和单位表示法。然而,不是所有语法正确的CSS都能生效,因为文档语言可能强加了CSS中没有的限制条件,例如,HTML对"class"属性的可能值做了限制
下面的语法是LALR(1)(但注意,大多数UA不应该直接用它,因为它没有表达解析约定,只表达了CSS 2.1语法)。产生式的格式已经为了可读性(for human consumption)而优化过了,并且用了一些超出了Yacc(见[YACC])(译注:Yacc指编译器代码生成器)的简写表示法:
产生式为:
stylesheet : [ CHARSET_SYM STRING ';' ]? [S|CDO|CDC]* [ import [ CDO S* | CDC S* ]* ]* [ [ ruleset | media | page ] [ CDO S* | CDC S* ]* ]* ; import : IMPORT_SYM S* [STRING|URI] S* media_list? ';' S* ; media : MEDIA_SYM S* media_list '{' S* ruleset* '}' S* ; media_list : medium [ COMMA S* medium]* ; medium : IDENT S* ; page : PAGE_SYM S* pseudo_page? '{' S* declaration? [ ';' S* declaration? ]* '}' S* ; pseudo_page : ':' IDENT S* ; operator : '/' S* | ',' S* ; combinator : '+' S* | '>' S* ; unary_operator : '-' | '+' ; property : IDENT S* ; ruleset : selector [ ',' S* selector ]* '{' S* declaration? [ ';' S* declaration? ]* '}' S* ; selector : simple_selector [ combinator selector | S+ [ combinator? selector ]? ]? ; simple_selector : element_name [ HASH | class | attrib | pseudo ]* | [ HASH | class | attrib | pseudo ]+ ; class : '.' IDENT ; element_name : IDENT | '*' ; attrib : '[' S* IDENT S* [ [ '=' | INCLUDES | DASHMATCH ] S* [ IDENT | STRING ] S* ]? ']' ; pseudo : ':' [ IDENT | FUNCTION S* [IDENT S*]? ')' ] ; declaration : property ':' S* expr prio? ; prio : IMPORTANT_SYM S* ; expr : term [ operator? term ]* ; term : unary_operator? [ NUMBER S* | PERCENTAGE S* | LENGTH S* | EMS S* | EXS S* | ANGLE S* | TIME S* | FREQ S* ] | STRING S* | IDENT S* | URI S* | hexcolor | function ; function : FUNCTION S* expr ')' S* ; /* * There is a constraint on the color that it must * have either 3 or 6 hex-digits (i.e., [0-9a-fA-F]) * after the "#"; e.g., "#000" is OK, but "#abcd" is not. */ hexcolor : HASH S* ;
下面是标记解析器(tokenizer),用Flex(见[FLEX])(译注:FLEX指词法分析器生成器)表示法写的。标记解析器是大小写不敏感的
"\377"代表当前Flex版本可处理的最高字符序号(十进制255)。它应该读作"\4177777"(十进制1114111),是Unicode/ISO-10646中最高的可能码位值(code point)
%option case-insensitive h [0-9a-f] nonascii [\240-\377] unicode \\{h}{1,6}(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])? escape {unicode}|\\[^\r\n\f0-9a-f] nmstart [_a-z]|{nonascii}|{escape} nmchar [_a-z0-9-]|{nonascii}|{escape} string1 \"([^\n\r\f\\"]|\\{nl}|{escape})*\" string2 \'([^\n\r\f\\']|\\{nl}|{escape})*\' badstring1 \"([^\n\r\f\\"]|\\{nl}|{escape})*\\? badstring2 \'([^\n\r\f\\']|\\{nl}|{escape})*\\? badcomment1 \/\*[^*]*\*+([^/*][^*]*\*+)* badcomment2 \/\*[^*]*(\*+[^/*][^*]*)* baduri1 url\({w}([!#$%&*-\[\]-~]|{nonascii}|{escape})*{w} baduri2 url\({w}{string}{w} baduri3 url\({w}{badstring} comment \/\*[^*]*\*+([^/*][^*]*\*+)*\/ ident -?{nmstart}{nmchar}* name {nmchar}+ num [0-9]+|[0-9]*"."[0-9]+ string {string1}|{string2} badstring {badstring1}|{badstring2} badcomment {badcomment1}|{badcomment2} baduri {baduri1}|{baduri2}|{baduri3} url ([!#$%&*-~]|{nonascii}|{escape})* s [ \t\r\n\f]+ w {s}? nl \n|\r\n|\r|\f A a|\\0{0,4}(41|61)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])? C c|\\0{0,4}(43|63)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])? D d|\\0{0,4}(44|64)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])? E e|\\0{0,4}(45|65)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])? G g|\\0{0,4}(47|67)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\g H h|\\0{0,4}(48|68)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\h I i|\\0{0,4}(49|69)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\i K k|\\0{0,4}(4b|6b)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\k L l|\\0{0,4}(4c|6c)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\l M m|\\0{0,4}(4d|6d)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\m N n|\\0{0,4}(4e|6e)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\n O o|\\0{0,4}(4f|6f)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\o P p|\\0{0,4}(50|70)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\p R r|\\0{0,4}(52|72)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\r S s|\\0{0,4}(53|73)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\s T t|\\0{0,4}(54|74)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\t U u|\\0{0,4}(55|75)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\u X x|\\0{0,4}(58|78)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\x Z z|\\0{0,4}(5a|7a)(\r\n|[ \t\r\n\f])?|\\z %% {s} {return S;} \/\*[^*]*\*+([^/*][^*]*\*+)*\/ /* ignore comments */ {badcomment} /* unclosed comment at EOF */ "<!--" {return CDO;} "-->" {return CDC;} "~=" {return INCLUDES;} "|=" {return DASHMATCH;} {string} {return STRING;} {badstring} {return BAD_STRING;} {ident} {return IDENT;} "#"{name} {return HASH;} @{I}{M}{P}{O}{R}{T} {return IMPORT_SYM;} @{P}{A}{G}{E} {return PAGE_SYM;} @{M}{E}{D}{I}{A} {return MEDIA_SYM;} "@charset " {return CHARSET_SYM;} "!"({w}|{comment})*{I}{M}{P}{O}{R}{T}{A}{N}{T} {return IMPORTANT_SYM;} {num}{E}{M} {return EMS;} {num}{E}{X} {return EXS;} {num}{P}{X} {return LENGTH;} {num}{C}{M} {return LENGTH;} {num}{M}{M} {return LENGTH;} {num}{I}{N} {return LENGTH;} {num}{P}{T} {return LENGTH;} {num}{P}{C} {return LENGTH;} {num}{D}{E}{G} {return ANGLE;} {num}{R}{A}{D} {return ANGLE;} {num}{G}{R}{A}{D} {return ANGLE;} {num}{M}{S} {return TIME;} {num}{S} {return TIME;} {num}{H}{Z} {return FREQ;} {num}{K}{H}{Z} {return FREQ;} {num}{ident} {return DIMENSION;} {num}% {return PERCENTAGE;} {num} {return NUMBER;} "url("{w}{string}{w}")" {return URI;} "url("{w}{url}{w}")" {return URI;} {baduri} {return BAD_URI;} {ident}"(" {return FUNCTION;} . {return *yytext;}
上面的语法与CSS1规范([CSS1])中指定的有一些区别。多数是因为CSS2中有CSS1中不存在的的新token。其它情况是为了更好的可读性,语法已经被重写了。然而,存在一些不兼容的改动,在CSS1语法中会被当作错误。下面将对它们进行解释
4.1.1节中CSS核心语法的词法分析器可以用一个无需回溯的词法分析器来实现。用Lex表示法,需要加上下列模式(不会改变返回的token,只影响分析器的效率):
{ident}/\\ return IDENT; #{name}/\\ return HASH; @{ident}/\\ return ATKEYWORD; #/\\ return DELIM; @/\\ return DELIM; @/- return DELIM; @/-\\ return DELIM; -/\\ return DELIM; -/- return DELIM; \</! return DELIM; \</!- return DELIM; {num}{ident}/\\ return DIMENSION; {num}/\\ return NUMBER; {num}/- return NUMBER; {num}/-\\ return NUMBER; [0-9]+/\. return NUMBER; u/\+ return IDENT; u\+[0-9a-f?]{1,6}/- return UNICODE_RANGE;